Melanoma: What you need to know to protect your skin and your life

Melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, but it’s also one of the most preventable and treatable—especially when caught early. According to Melissa Babcock, M.D., a dermatologist with the Piedmont Clinic, melanoma begins in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in our skin. While most moles are harmless, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can damage these cells, leading to cancer. Genetics also play a role, and melanoma can even appear on normal-looking skin.

What makes melanoma particularly dangerous is its ability to grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. “Although treatments for advanced melanoma have improved dramatically in recent years, it can still be life-threatening once it spreads,” says Dr. Babcock. The good news? “Melanoma is highly treatable when found early,” she adds. That’s why regular skin checks—both at home and with a dermatologist—are essential.

So, who’s at risk? People with fair skin, light eyes, red or blonde hair, or a history of sunburns are more vulnerable. Tanning bed use and a family history of melanoma also increase risk. And while melanoma is less common in people with darker skin, it can still occur—often in less obvious areas like the palms, soles, or under the nails.

Prevention starts with sun protection. Dr. Babcock recommends wearing UPF (ultraviolet protection factor) clothing and applying SPF 30+ every two hours. She also advises avoiding sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. and monitoring moles for changes like growth, color shift, itching, or bleeding.

If a suspicious spot is found, dermatologists use a dermatoscope to examine it closely. A biopsy, a quick and simple procedure, is the only way to confirm a melanoma diagnosis.

Evan Weitman, M.D., a surgical oncologist at Piedmont, explains that surgery is the primary treatment for early-stage melanoma. “Melanoma surgery is usually outpatient and involves removing a rim of healthy tissue around the cancer,” he says. In more advanced cases, immunotherapy may be used before or alongside surgery. If the melanoma has reached a certain depth, lymph node removal may also be necessary to check for spread.

Early detection is critical. “If melanoma is identified early enough, there may be no need to even check lymph nodes,” says Dr. Weitman. “That’s why we strongly recommend dermatologic surveillance for all new and concerning skin lesions.”

Don’t wait. Schedule your annual skin check today. Whether you’ve noticed a new mole, a change in an existing one, or simply want peace of mind, a quick visit to your dermatologist could save your life. Early detection is your best defense against melanoma.

To find a physician, go to piedmont.org to schedule an appointment today.