Heart rate vs. rhythm control vs. rhythm restoration was the focus of Dr. Paul Wang’s talk at Piedmont Heart’s Napa Valley Cardiology Conference. Dr. Wang, director of Stanford’s Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, discusses the overall treatment guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and reviews the recent 2017 AF ablation guidelines with “an important new emphasis on surgical ablation for our field.”